Art Talk Simplified: Originals, Prints, and Printing Techniques

 

Photo print by: Ian Deveau

Understanding the difference between an original artwork and a reproduction can feel a bit overwhelming, especially with terms like "giclée," "limited edition," and "screen print." This guide simplifies the distinctions, explains the value behind different types of prints, and highlights various printing techniques. Whether you're purchasing art or just curious, you'll gain the knowledge to confidently navigate the art world.

What Is an Original Artwork?

When it comes to artwork, the term “original” can be a bit tricky. On one hand, it can mean a piece that is entirely unique and conceived by the artist themselves, making it original in both idea and execution. On the other hand, it can also refer to something being the sole existence of its kind, not reproduced or duplicated.

The distinction becomes important in the art market  because sometimes what is labeled as an “original” artwork might actually be a reproduction or a print that can be produced in multiple copies. This can affect its value significantly because rarity often correlates with value; something that exists in only one copy tends to be more prized.

When selling handmade items with only one original, being transparent is key. Clearly stating the edition type can enhance its value. By using trademarks, they serve as vital tools for communicating these distinctions to your customers.

There Are Various Types of Art Reproductions Available

Multiple/Open Edition:

These are economical options where artworks are reproduced in unlimited quantities. They are often unsigned, and any artist’s signature is usually part of the print itself.

Limited Edition:

A limited edition reproduction is more valuable than a multiple because it is restricted to a specific number of copies. These editions are usually signed, numbered by the artist, and usually include a certificate of authenticity. For instance, if an artist creates an edition of 40 copies, each print is numbered (e.g., 24/40), where “24” indicates the unique number with the series and “40” signifies the total number of prints. Once these limited copies are sold, no more identical reproductions should be made in the same format and technique to maintain their value.

Unique Copy (Original):

A unique copy, often called an “original,” exists as the only one of its kind and therefore does not come with a certification and holds the highest value. While prints may exist of an original painting (whether limited edition or not), there is only one original artwork. Unique copies can also include handmade sculptures, monoprints, or handcrafted tapestries.

Different Printing Techniques:

Apart from variations in print editions, there’s a significant diversity in the types of prints and their production methods. Here are some of the most common:

Giclée Prints:

Giclée Prints are digital reproductions made using high-resolution inkjet printers. These prints capture intricate details and vibrant colors, making them suitable for artworks ranging from paintings to digital compositions. They are favored for their archival quality, using specialized inks and papers to ensure its longevity.

Digital Print:

A digital print, also known as “photographic print,” offers a budget-friendly option for reproducing artwork. Unlike giclee prints, digital prints do not utilize acid-free paper or archival inks. These prints undergo color management software to make sure the colors are accurate each time they’re printed. Digital print is commonly produced on photo paper, although other types of paper might be used.

When purchasing prints, it's advisable to verify the quality and materials used to ensure they align with your expectations, especially if longevity and preservation of the artwork are considerations for you.

Screen Prints (Serigraphy):

Screen printing involves creating stencils (screens) through which ink is applied onto various surfaces like paper, fabric, or wood. This technique is known for its versatility in producing bold, vibrant designs with precise color registration. Each color requires a separate screen, allowing for layered and complex artwork.

Risoprint/Risograph:

Risoprinting is a distinctive and versatile printing technique that has gained popularity for its unique aesthetic and practical advantages. Utilizing soy-based inks and a stencil-based approach, risograph printers produce prints characterized by vibrant colors and a textured appearance. Each color is applied individually allowing for creative layering and overlapping effects. Risoprinting is prized for its affordability for small print runs, making it ideal for posters, art prints, and other creative projects.

Etchings:

Etching is an intaglio technique where artists cut lines into metal plates using acid or other methods. Ink is then applied to the plate, which is subsequently transferred onto paper under pressure. Etchings are valued for their ability to achieve fine lines, intricate textures, and a wide range of tonal effects.

Hopefully this blog will help you understand the difference between a print copy and an “original.” So next time you walk into an art gallery or you’re simply purchasing a piece of artwork, you are confident enough to tell your friends “this is what a giclee print looks like.”